Plasma cortisol↓a after overnight DST |
Drugs that increase metabolism by inducing CYP3A4 |
Phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, rifampicin, alcohol, estrogen, mitotane |
2 weeks [7] |
Plasma cortisol↑b after overnight DST |
Drugs that decrease metabolism by inhibiting CYP3A4 |
Itraconazole, ritonavir, diltiazem, cimetidine |
2 weeks |
PAC/PRA ratio↓a [19] |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
Captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril |
2 weeks |
Angiotensin receptor blockers |
Losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, telmisartan, eprosartan, olmesartan, fimasartan |
2 weeks |
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers |
Nifedipine, amlodipine |
2 weeks |
Mineralocorticoid antagonists |
Spironolactone, eplerenone |
4 weeks |
Diuretics |
Hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, torsemide |
4 weeks |
PAC/PRA ratio↑b [19] |
β-blockers |
Atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nebivolol, esmolol, propranolol, carvedilol, labetalol, nadolol |
2 weeks |
NSAIDs |
Ibuprofen, dexibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, loxoprofen, ketorolac, aceclofenac, diclofenac, piroxicam, meloxicam |
2 weeks |
Renin inhibitor |
Aliskiren |
2 weeks |
Central agonists |
Clonidine, α-methyldopa |
2 weeks |
Plasma catecholamines [20] |
Alpha-blockers |
Phenoxybenzamine, doxazosin |
15 days |
Tricyclic antidepressants |
Amitriptyline, imipramine, nortriptyline |
3 days |
Antihistamine |
Promethazine |
3 days |
Sympathomimetics |
Salbutamol, terbutaline, bambuterol |
3 days |
Antipsychotics |
Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, perphenazine, amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone |
10 days-1 month for depot |