Korean J Med > Volume 95(2); 2020 > Article |
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Patients with cancer |
Patients without cancer (total n = 633) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 822) | Mild and moderate cases (n = 771) | Severe cases (n = 51) | |||||
Age (years)a | |||||||
11–20 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 31 (4.9) | |||
21–30 | 11 (1.3) | 11 (1.4) | 0 | 58 (9.2) | |||
31–40 | 34 (4.1) | 31 (4.0) | 3 (5.9) | 65 (10.3) | |||
41–50 | 104 (12.7) | 98 (12.7) | 5 (9.8) | 116 (18.3) | |||
51–60 | 255 (31.0) | 243 (31.5) | 12 (23.5) | 157 (24.8) | |||
61–70 | 220 (26.8) | 205 (26.6) | 15 (29.4) | 116 (18.3) | |||
71–80 | 165 (20.1) | 152 (19.7) | 14 (27.5) | 80 (12.6) | |||
≥81 | 32 (3.9) | 30 (3.9) | 2 (3.9) | 10 (1.61) | |||
Gender (M/F) | 377 (45.9)/445 | 354 (45.9)/417 | 28 (54.9)/23 | 273 (43.1)/360 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.50 ± 4.32 | 22.48 ± 4.34 | 22.61 ± 3.83 | 21.94 ± 6.67 | |||
Causative drugsa,b | |||||||
Parenteral nutrition supplements | 332 (40.4) | 322 (41.8) | 10 (19.6) | 39 (6.2) | |||
Amino-acid | 100 (12.2) | 99 (12.8) | 1 (2.0) | 15 (2.4) | |||
Lipid | 230 (28.0) | 221 (28.7) | 9 (17.6) | 23 (3.6) | |||
TPN | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
Vitamins | 32 (3.9) | 30 (3.9) | 2 (3.9) | 39 (6.2) | |||
Multi-vitamins | 22 (2.7) | 22 (2.9) | 1 (2.0) | 26 (4.1) | |||
Vitamin B or C | 6 (0.7) | 6 (0.9) | 0 | 3 (0.5) | |||
Vitamin K | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.5) | 1(2.0) | 10 (1.6) | |||
Antibiotics | 143 (17.4) | 134 (17.4) | 9 (17.6) | 231 (36.5) | |||
Penicillins | 7 (0.9) | 7 (0.9) | 1 (2.0) | 17 (2.7) | |||
Natural penicillin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||
Aminopenicillins | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 | |||
Extended spectrum penicillins | 4 | 3 | 1 | 11 | |||
Cephalosporins | 104 (12.7) | 96 (12.5) | 8 (15.6) | 119 (18.8) | |||
Quinolones | 27 (3.3) | 27 (3.5) | 0 | 75 (11.8) | |||
Ciprofloxacin | 20 | 20 | 0 | 59 | |||
Levofloxacin | 6 | 6 | 0 | 14 | |||
Moxifloxacin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |||
Aminoglycosides | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.6) | |||
Aztreonam | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.6) | |||
Vancomycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.5) | |||
Metronidazole | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 0 | 7 (1.1) | |||
Clindamycin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.3) | |||
Anti-fungal agents | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |||
Anti-tuberculosis agents | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 (1.3) | |||
Analgesics | 137 (16.7) | 127 (16.7) | 10 (19.6) | 156 (24.7) | |||
NSAIDs | 13 (1.6) | 11 (1.4) | 2 (3.9) | 31 (4.9) | |||
Paracetamol | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
Tramadol | 100 (12.2) | 95 (12.3) | 5 (9.8) | 102 (16.1) | |||
Acetaminophen | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | |||
Tramadol + acetaminophen | 5 (0.6) | 5 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
Opioids | 13 (1.6) | 10 (1.3) | 3 (5.9) | 15 (2.4) | |||
Anti-neoplastic agents | 20 (2.4) | 13 (1.7) | 7 (13.7) | 0 | |||
Paclitaxel | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (2.0) | 0 | |||
Oxaliplatin | 11 (1.3) | 8 (1.1) | 3 (5.9) | 0 | |||
Cisplatin | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (3.9) | 0 | |||
Carboplatin | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |||
Irinotecan | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |||
Cyclophosphamide | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 0 | |||
Thalidomide | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |||
Biologics | 4 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (2.0) | 4 (0.6) | |||
Iodinated contrast media | 87 (10.6) | 80 (10.4) | 7 (11.8) | 85 (13.4) | |||
Gadolinium contrast media | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (2.0) | 7 (1.1) | |||
Corticosteroids | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | |||
GI medication | 37 (4.5) | 33 (4.3) | 4 (7.8) | 30 (4.7) | |||
Anti-emetics | 25 (3.0) | 23 (3.0) | 2 (3.9) | 16 (2.5) | |||
H2 blocker | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
PPI | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (2.0) | 4 (0.6) | |||
Laxatives | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | |||
Anti-spasmodic | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |||
Digestant | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
Other: gabexatemesilate | 4 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | 1(2.0) | 6 (0.9) | |||
Anti-hypertensive agents | 1 (0.1) | 1(0.1) | 0 | 6 (0.9) | |||
CNS drug | 8 (1.0) | 8 (1.0) | 0 | 3 (0.5) | |||
Clotiazepam | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |||
Zolpidem | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 3 (0.5) | |||
Lorazepam | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | |||
Midazolam | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | |||
Anesthetics | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.6) | |||
Anti-histamine | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 3 (0.5) | |||
Others | 13 (1.6) | 13 (1.7) | 0 | 23 (3.6) | |||
Admission routec | |||||||
Intravenous | 767 (93.3) | 719 (93.3) | 48 (94.1) | 554 (87.5) | |||
Intramuscular | 22 (2.7) | 21 (2.7) | 1 (2.0) | 18 (2.8) | |||
Subcutaneous | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.6) | |||
Oral | 29 (3.5) | 28 (3.6) | 1 (2.0) | 51 (8.1) | |||
Patch | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (2.0) | 4 (0.6) | |||
Inhalation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | |||
Eye drop | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or frequencies (%).
Statistical significance was evaluated by t-test or chi-squared test.
M, male; F, female; BMI, body mass index; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI, proton-pump inhibitor; CNS, central nervous system.