| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor |
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Dae Ho Lee |
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Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan, Korea |
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) 억제제 |
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이대호 |
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원광대학교 의과대학 내과학교실 |
Correspondence:
Dae Ho Lee, Tel: +82-63-859-2602, Fax: +82-63-855-2025, Email: drhormone@naver.com
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| This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits
unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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| Abstract |
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Recent advances in incretin biology have led to the development of a new class of oral anti-diabetic drugs. To date, there are two
known incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), of which the
former is a more important therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to oral nutrient
intake, and it stimulates insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. However, both GLP-1
and GIP are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), a multifunctional type II transmembrane glycoprotein. Thus,
several DPP-4 inhibitors with different pharmacologic features are now available and can be used either as monotherapy or in
combination with other anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In both therapeutic regimens, DPP-4 inhibitors
have been shown to reduce hemoglobin A1c levels by approximately 0.5-0.8%. In clinical trials, DPP-4 inhibitors were generally
well-tolerated, posed a low risk of hypoglycemia, and did not increase body weight. Despite some reports of a possible increased
risk of pancreatitis with GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, no causal associations have been found. Recent randomized
controlled clinical trials have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors did not increase or decrease the rates of major adverse cardiovascular
events in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease, even though this class of anti-diabetic agents had
various salutary effects in many studies involving animals or healthy and diabetic humans. Additional studies will be required to
resolve these disparate conclusions. |
| Key Words:
Incretin; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor;
Type 2 diabetes |
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