1. Morice AH. Epidemiology of cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2002;15:253–259.
3. Irwin RS, French CL, Chang AB, et al. Classification of cough as a symptom in adults and management algorithms: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2018;153:196–209.
4. Morice AH, Fontana GA, Sovijarvi AR, et al. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004;24:481–492.
6. French CL, Irwin RS, Curley FJ, Krikorian CJ. Impact of chronic cough on quality of life. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1657–1661.
7. Birring SS, Prudon B, Carr AJ, Singh SJ, Morgan MD, Pavord ID. Development of a symptom specific health status measure for patients with chronic cough: Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ). Thorax 2003;58:339–343.
9. Kang SY, Won HK, Lee SM, et al. Impact of cough and unmet needs in chronic cough: a survey of patients in Korea. Lung 2019;197:635–639.
10. Hulme K, Dogan S, Parker SM, Deary V. ‘Chronic cough, cause unknown’: a qualitative study of patient perspectives of chronic refractory cough. J Health Psychol 2019;24:707–716.
11. Song WJ, Chang YS, Faruqi S, et al. The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2015;45:1479–1481.
13. Song WJ, Won HK, An J, et al. Chronic cough in the elderly. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019;56:63–68.
14. Irwin RS, Boulet LP, Cloutier MM, et al. Managing cough as a defense mechanism and as a symptom. A consensus panel report of the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest 1998;114:133S–181S.
16. Irwin RS, Corrao WM, Pratter MR. Chronic persistent cough in the adult: the spectrum and frequency of causes and successful outcome of specific therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;123:413–417.
17. Chung KF, Pavord ID. Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough. Lancet 2008;371:1364–1374.
18. McGarvey L. The difficult-to-treat, therapy-resistant cough: why are current cough treatments not working and what can we do? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013;26:528–531.
19. Morice AH. The cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a novel paradigm for understanding cough. Lung 2010;188 Suppl 1:S87–S90.
20. Chung KF. Chronic 'cough hypersensitivity syndrome': a more precise label for chronic cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011;24:267–271.
21. Morice AH, Millqvist E, Belvisi MG, et al. Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J 2014;44:1132–1148.
24. Song WJ, Chang YS, Faruqi S, et al. Defining chronic cough: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2016;8:146–155.
25. Hilton E, Marsden P, Thurston A, Kennedy S, Decalmer S, Smith JA. Clinical features of the urge-to-cough in patients with chronic cough. Respir Med 2015;109:701–707.
27. Vertigan AE, Gibson PG. Chronic refractory cough as a sensory neuropathy: evidence from a reinterpretation of cough triggers. J Voice 2011;25:596–601.
28. Liu Q, Fujimura M, Tachibana H, Myou S, Kasahara K, Yasui M. Characterization of increased cough sensitivity after antigen challenge in guinea pigs. Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31:474–484.
29. Tatar M, Plevkova J, Brozmanova M, Pecova R, Kollarik M. Mechanisms of the cough associated with rhinosinusitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009;22:121–126.
32. Kollarik M, Brozmanova M. Cough and gastroesophageal reflux: insights from animal models. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009;22:130–134.
34. Fang Z, Huang C, Zhang JJ, et al. Traffic-related air pollution induces non-allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation and cough hypersensitivity in guinea-pigs. Clin Exp Allergy 2019;49:366–377.
35. Deng Z, Zhou W, Sun J, Li C, Zhong B, Lai K. IFN-γ enhances the cough reflex sensitivity via calcium influx in vagal sensory neurons. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;198:868–879.
36. Morice AH, Lowry R, Brown MJ, Higenbottam T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and the cough reflex. Lancet 1987;2:1116–1118.
38. Abdulqawi R, Dockry R, Holt K, et al. P2X3 receptor antagonist (AF-219) in refractory chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet 2015;385:1198–1205.
40. Agusti A, Bel E, Thomas M, et al. Treatable traits: toward precision medicine of chronic airway diseases. Eur Respir J 2016;47:410–419.
41. Gibson PG, Simpson JL, Ryan NM, Vertigan AE. Mechanisms of cough. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;14:55–61.
42. Kahrilas PJ, Howden CW, Hughes N, Molloy-Bland M. Response of chronic cough to acid-suppressive therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 2013;143:605–612.
43. Charbonnel B, Karasik A, Liu J, Wu M, Meininger G; Sitagliptin Study 020 Group. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Diabetes Care 2006;29:2638–2643.
44. Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography--an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2277–2284.
45. Barnes TW, Afessa B, Swanson KL, Lim KG. The clinical utility of flexible bronchoscopy in the evaluation of chronic cough. Chest 2004;126:268–272.
46. Palombini BC, Villanova CA, Araújo E, et al. A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 1999;116:279–284.
47. Kastelik JA, Aziz I, Ojoo JC, Thompson RH, Redington AE, Morice AH. Investigation and management of chronic cough using a probability-based algorithm. Eur Respir J 2005;25:235–243.
48. Truba O, Rybka A, Klimowicz K, et al. Is a normal chest radiograph sufficient to exclude pulmonary abnormalities potentially associated with chronic cough? Adv Respir Med 2018;86:113–120.
49. Gibson PG, Dolovich J, Denburg J, Ramsdale EH, Hargreave FE. Chronic cough: eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma. Lancet 1989;1:1346–1348.
50. Kim MH, Kim MY, Lim KH, et al. KAAACI Standardization Committee report on the procedure and application of induced sputum examination. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5:307–311.
51. Song WJ, Kim HJ, Shim JS, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement in predicting cough-variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis in adults with chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;140:701–709.
52. Kwon JW, Song WJ, Kim MH, et al. The KAAACI Standardization Committee Report on the procedure and application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5:185–192.
53. Korevaar DA, Westerhof GA, Wang J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of minimally invasive markers for detection of airway eosinophilia in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med 2015;3:290–300.
54. Price DB, Buhl R, Chan A, et al. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide as a predictor of response to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with non-specific respiratory symptoms and insignificant bronchodilator reversibility: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2018;6:29–39.
56. Dicpinigaitis PV, Dobkin JB, Reichel J. Antitussive effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast in subjects with cough-variant asthma. J Asthma 2002;39:291–297.
57. Spector SL, Tan RA. Effectiveness of montelukast in the treatment of cough variant asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004;93:232–236.
59. Smith JA, McGarvey L, Morice AH, et al. The effect of aclidinium on symptoms including cough in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a phase 4, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200:642–645.
60. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:449–456.
61. Lim KH, Kim MH, Yang MS, et al. The KAAACI Standardization Committee Report on the procedure and application of the bronchial provocation tests. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:14–25.
62. Ponsioen BP, Hop WC, Vermue NA, Dekhuijzen PN, Bohnen AM. Efficacy of fluticasone on cough: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2005;25:147–152.
63. Rytilä P, Ghaly L, Varghese S, Chung W, Selroos O; Haahtela T; Airway Inflammation Study Group. Treatment with inhaled steroids in patients with symptoms suggestive of asthma but with normal lung function. Eur Respir J 2008;32:989–996.
66. Lilienfield LS, Rose JC, Princiotto JV. Antitussive activity of diphenhydramine in chronic cough. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976;19:421–425.
67. Fujimori K, Suzuki E, Arakawa M. Effects of oxatomide, H1-antagonist, on postinfectious chronic cough; a comparison of oxatomide combined with dextromethorphan versus dextromethorphan alone. Arerugi 1998;47:48–53.
68. Baena-Cagnani CE, Berger WE, DuBuske LM, et al. Comparative effects of desloratadine versus montelukast on asthma symptoms and use of beta 2-agonists in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;130:307–313.
69. Berger WE, Schenkel EJ, Mansfield LE; Desloratadine Study Group. Safety and efficacy of desloratadine 5 mg in asthma patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:485–491.
71. Church MK, Maurer M, Simons FE, et al. Risk of first-generation H(1)-antihistamines: a GA(2)LEN position paper. Allergy 2010;65:459–466.
72. Rane PP, Guha S, Chatterjee S, Aparasu RR. Prevalence and predictors of non-evidence based proton pump inhibitor use among elderly nursing home residents in the US. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017;13:358–363.
73. Forgacs I, Loganayagam A. Overprescribing proton pump inhibitors. BMJ 2008;336:2–3.
74. Irwin RS. Chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux disease: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006;129:80S–94S.
76. Won HK, Yoon SJ, Song WJ. The double-sidedness of cough in the elderly. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018;257:65–69.
78. Burke JM, Jackson W, Morice AH. The role of high resolution oesophageal manometry in occult respiratory symptoms. Respir Med 2018;138:47–49.
79. Song WJ. Reflux inhibitors and prokinetics. In: Morice A, Dettmar P, eds. Reflux aspiration and lung disease. Berlin: Springer, 2018:293–302.
82. Kantar A, Chang AB, Shields MD, et al. ERS statement on protracted bacterial bronchitis in children. Eur Respir J 2017;50:1602139.
83. Wurzel DF, Marchant JM, Yerkovich ST, et al. Protracted bacterial bronchitis in children: natural history and risk factors for bronchiectasis. Chest 2016;150:1101–1108.
85. Morice AH, Menon MS, Mulrennan SA, et al. Opiate therapy in chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:312–315.
86. Vertigan AE, Kapela SL, Ryan NM, Birring SS, McElduff P, Gibson PG. Pregabalin and speech pathology combination therapy for refractory chronic cough: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2016;149:639–648.
87. Ryan NM, Birring SS, Gibson PG. Gabapentin for refractory chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:1583–1589.
89. Chamberlain Mitchell SA, Garrod R, Clark L, et al. Physiotherapy, and speech and language therapy intervention for patients with refractory chronic cough: a multicentre randomised control trial. Thorax 2017;72:129–136.
90. Jeyakumar A, Brickman TM, Haben M. Effectiveness of amitriptyline versus cough suppressants in the treatment of chronic cough resulting from postviral vagal neuropathy. Laryngoscope 2006;116:2108–2112.
91. Birring SS, Spinou A. How best to measure cough clinically. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015;22:37–40.
93. Kwon JW, Moon JY, Kim SH, et al. Reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Leicester cough questionnaire. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015;7:230–233.
94. La-Crette J, Lee KK, Chamberlain S, et al. P150 the development of a cough hypersensitivity questionnaire (CHQ). Thorax 2012;67:A127.