1. Korean H. Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter Pylori infection in Korea. Korean J Gastroenterol 1998;32:275–289.
2. Yim JY, Kim N, Choi SH, et al. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in South Korea. Helicobacter 2007;12:333–340.
4. Kim MS, Kim N, Kim SE, et al. Long-term follow-up Helicobacter Pylori reinfection rate and its associated factors in Korea. Helicobacter 2013;18:135–142.
6. Chang WK, Kim HY, Kim DJ, et al. Association between Helicobacter Pylori infection and the risk of gastric cancer in the Korean population: prospective case-controlled study. J Gastroenterol 2001;36:816–822.
8. Lee SA, Kang D, Shim KN, Choe JW, Hong WS, Choi H. Effect of diet and Helicobacter Pylori infection to the risk of early gastric cancer. J Epidemiol 2003;13:162–168.
10. Kim N, Park RY, Cho SI, et al. Helicobacter Pylori infection and development of gastric cancer in Korea: long-term follow-up. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:448–454.
11. Kim SG, Jung HK, Lee HL, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter Pylori infection in Korea, 2013 revised edition. Korean J Gastroenterol 2013;62:3–26.
12. Fervers B, Remy-Stockinger M, Graham ID, et al. Guideline adaptation: an appealing alternative to de novo guideline development. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:563–564; author reply 564-565.
13. Kim N, Kim JJ, Choe YH, Kim HS, Kim JI, Chung IS; Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research; Korean Association of Gastroenterology. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for Helicobacter Pylori infection in Korea. Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;54:269–278.
14. Chey WD, Wong BC; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter Pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1808–1825.
15. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA, et al. Management of Helicobacter Pylori infection--the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012;61:646–664.
16. Fock KM, Katelaris P, Sugano K, et al. Second Asia-Pacific Consensus Guidelines for Helicobacter Pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1587–1600.
17. Asaka M, Kato M, Takahashi S, et al. Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter Pylori infection in Japan: 2009 revised edition. Helicobacter 2010;15:1–20.
18. Hunt R, Fallone C, Veldhuyzan van Zanten S, et al. Canadian Helicobacter Study Group Consensus Conference: Update on the management of Helicobacter Pylori--an evidence-based evaluation of six topics relevant to clinical outcomes in patients evaluated for H pylori infection. Can J Gastroenterol 2004;18:547–554.
19. Guyatt GH, Cook DJ, Jaeschke R, Pauker SG, Schünemann HJ. Grades of recommendation for antithrombotic agents: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008;133(6 Suppl):123S–131S.
20. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Brozek J, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. BMJ 2008;336:1106–1110.
21. Leodolter A, Kulig M, Brasch H, Meyer-Sabellek W, Willich SN, Malfertheiner P. A meta-analysis comparing eradication, healing and relapse rates in patients with Helicobacter Pylori-associated gastric or duodenal ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1949–1958.
22. Sharma VK, Sahai AV, Corder FA, Howden CW. Helicobacter Pylori eradication is superior to ulcer healing with or without maintenance therapy to prevent further ulcer haemorrhage. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1939–1947.
23. Miwa H, Sakaki N, Sugano K, et al. Recurrent peptic ulcers in patients following successful Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a multicenter study of 4940 patients. Helicobacter 2004;9:9–16.
24. Wotherspoon AC, Doglioni C, Diss TC, et al. Regression of primary low-grade B-cell gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after eradication of Helicobacter Pylori. Lancet 1993;342:575–577.
25. Bayerdörffer E, Neubauer A, Rudolph B, et al. Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter Pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group. Lancet 1995;345:1591–1594.
26. Uemura N, Mukai T, Okamoto S, et al. Effect of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on subsequent development of cancer after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997;6:639–642.
27. Fukase K, Kato M, Kikuchi S, et al. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter Pylori on incidence of metachronous gastric carcinoma after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:392–397.
28. Maehata Y, Nakamura S, Fujisawa K, et al. Long-term effect of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on the development of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:39–46.
29. van Grieken NC, Meijer GA, Kale I, et al. Quantitative assessment of gastric antrum atrophy shows restitution to normal histology after Helicobacter Pylori eradication. Digestion 2004;69:27–33.
31. Salih BA, Abasiyanik MF, Saribasak H, Huten O, Sander E. A follow-up study on the effect of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on the severity of gastric histology. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:1517–1522.
32. Wang J, Xu L, Shi R, et al. Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia before and after Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a meta-analysis. Digestion 2011;83:253–260.
33. Rokkas T, Sechopoulos P, Pistiolas D, Margantinis G, Koukoulis G. Helicobacter Pylori infection and gastric histology in first-degree relatives of gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22:1128–1133.
34. Chang YW, Han YS, Lee DK, et al. Role of Helicobacter Pylori infection among offspring or siblings of gastric cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2002;101:469–474.
35. Shin CM, Kim N, Yang HJ, et al. Stomach cancer risk in gastric cancer relatives: interaction between Helicobacter Pylori infection and family history of gastric cancer for the risk of stomach cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:e34–39.
37. Arents NL, Thijs JC, van Zwet AA, et al. Approach to treatment of dyspepsia in primary care: a randomized trial comparing “test-and-treat” with prompt endoscopy. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1606–1612.
38. Duggan AE, Elliott CA, Miller P, Hawkey CJ, Logan RF. Clinical trial: a randomized trial of early endoscopy, Helicobacter Pylori testing and empirical therapy for the management of dyspepsia in primary care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29:55–68.
39. Mahadeva S, Chia YC, Vinothini A, Mohazmi M, Goh KL. Cost-effectiveness of and satisfaction with a Helicobacter Pylori “test and treat” strategy compared with prompt endoscopy in young Asians with dyspepsia. Gut 2008;57:1214–1220.
40. Delaney B, Ford AC, Forman D, Moayyedi P, Qume M. Initial management strategies for dyspepsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;CD001961.
41. Jung HK, Keum BR, Jo YJ, Jee SR, Rhee PL, Kang YW; Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. Diagnosis of functional dyspepsia: a systematic review. Korean J Gastroenterol 2010;55:296–307.
42. Shin MH, Oh HK, Ahn YO. Ten year trend of cancer incidence in Seoul, Korea: 1993--2002. J Prev Med Public Health 2008;41:92–99.
43. Bai Y, Li ZS, Zou DW, et al. Alarm features and age for predicting upper gastrointestinal malignancy in Chinese patients with dyspepsia with high background prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection and upper gastrointestinal malignancy: an endoscopic database review of 102,665 patients from 1996 to 2006. Gut 2010;59:722–728.
44. Froehlich F, Gonvers JJ, Wietlisbach V, et al. Helicobacter Pylori eradication treatment does not benefit patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2329–2336.
45. Blum AL, Talley NJ, O'Moráin C, et al. Lack of effect of treating Helicobacter Pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. Omeprazole plus Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin Effect One Year after Treatment (OCAY) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1875–1881.
46. Talley NJ, Vakil N, Ballard ED 2nd, Fennerty MB. Absence of benefit of eradicating Helicobacter Pylori in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1106–1111.
47. McColl K, Murray L, El-Omar E, et al. Symptomatic benefit from eradicating Helicobacter Pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1869–1874.
48. Harvey RF, Lane JA, Nair P, et al. Clinical trial: prolonged beneficial effect of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on dyspepsia consultations - the Bristol Helicobacter Project. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:394–400.
49. Yoon BC. Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori infection in functional dyspepsia. Korean J Med 2008;75:492–495.
50. el-Omar EM, Penman ID, Ardill JE, Chittajallu RS, Howie C, McColl KE. Helicobacter Pylori infection and abnormalities of acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Gastroenterology 1995;109:681–691.
51. Feldman M, Cryer B, Sammer D, Lee E, Spechler SJ. Influence of H. pylori infection on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastroesophageal acid reflux. Am J Physiol 1999;277(6 Pt 1):G1159–1164.
54. Qian B, Ma S, Shang L, Qian J, Zhang G. Effects of Helicobacter Pylori eradication on gastroesophageal reflux disease. Helicobacter 2011;16:255–265.
55. Yaghoobi M, Farrokhyar F, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Is there an increased risk of GERD after Helicobacter Pylori eradication?: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1007–1013; quiz 1006, 1014.
56. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Longoa MG, et al. Helicobacter Pylori infection and the prevention of peptic ulcer with proton pump inhibitors in elderly subjects taking low-dose aspirin. Dig Liver Dis 2004;36:666–670.
57. Lanas A, Fuentes J, Benito R, Serrano P, Bajador E, Sáinz R.
Helicobacter Pylori increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking low-dose aspirin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:779–786.
58. Chan FK, Ching JY, Suen BY, Tse YK, Wu JC, Sung JJ. Effects of Helicobacter Pylori infection on long-term risk of peptic ulcer bleeding in low-dose aspirin users. Gastroenterology 2013;144:528–535.
59. Chan FK, To KF, Wu JC, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori and risk of peptic ulcers in patients starting long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:9–13.
61. Vergara M, Catalán M, Gisbert JP, Calvet X. Meta-analysis: role of Helicobacter Pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:1411–1418.
62. Lai KC, Lau CS, Ip WY, et al. Effect of treatment of Helicobacter Pylori on the prevention of gastroduodenal ulcers in patients receiving long-term NSAIDs: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:799–805.
63. de Leest HT, Steen KS, Lems WF, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori does not reduce the incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers in patients on long-term NSAID treatment: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter 2007;12:477–485.
64. Kurtoglu E, Kayacetin E, Ugur A. Helicobacter Pylori infection in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:2113–2115.
65. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Review article: 13C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori infection -- a critical review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1001–1017.
66. Laine L, Estrada R, Trujillo M, Knigge K, Fennerty MB. Effect of proton-pump inhibitor therapy on diagnostic testing for Helicobacter Pylori. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:547–550.
67. Graham DY, Opekun AR, Hammoud F, et al. Studies regarding the mechanism of false negative urea breath tests with proton pump inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1005–1009.
68. Levine A, Shevah O, Shabat-Sehayek V, et al. Masking of 13C urea breath test by proton pump inhibitors is dependent on type of medication: comparison between omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole and esomeprazole. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:117–122.
69. Choi J, Kim CH, Kim D, et al. Prospective evaluation of a new stool antigen test for the detection of Helicobacter Pylori, in comparison with histology, rapid urease test, (13)C-urea breath test, and serology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:1053–1059.
70. Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Stool antigen test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter 2004;9:347–368.
71. Gisbert JP, de la Morena F, Abraira V. Accuracy of monoclonal stool antigen test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1921–1930.
72. Gatta L, Vakil N, Ricci C, et al. Effect of proton pump inhibitors and antacid therapy on 13C urea breath tests and stool test for Helicobacter Pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:823–829.
73. Kokkola A, Rautelin H, Puolakkainen P, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori infection in patients with atrophic gastritis: comparison of histology, 13C-urea breath test, and serology. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:138–141.
74. Gisbert JP, Abraira V. Accuracy of Helicobacter Pylori diagnostic tests in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:848–863.
75. Ricci C, Holton J, Vaira D. Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori: invasive and non-invasive tests. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007;21:299–313.
76. Fallone CA, Loo VG, Lough J, Barkun AN. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric tissue for the detection of Helicobacter Pylori. Helicobacter 1997;2:32–35.
77. MacOni G, Vago L, Galletta G, et al. Is routine histological evaluation an accurate test for Helicobacter Pylori infection? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:327–331.
78. el-Zimaity HM. Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori with biopsy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000;29:863–869.
79. Kim CG, Choi IJ, Lee JY, et al. Biopsy site for detecting Helicobacter Pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:469–474.
80. Satoh K, Kimura K, Taniguchi Y, et al. Biopsy sites suitable for the diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori infection and the assessment of the extent of atrophic gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:569–573.
81. Perri F, Manes G, Neri M, Vaira D, Nardone G. Helicobacter Pylori antigen stool test and 13C-urea breath test in patients after eradication treatments. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2756–2762.
82. Matthews GM, Cummins AG, Lawrence A, Johnson B, Campbell F, Butler RN. 13C-urea breath test: reproducibility and association with the severity of Helicobacter Pylori-associated antral gastritis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:270–274.
83. Kwon KT, Lee DS, Chung IK, et al. The diagnostic validity of Helicobacter Pylori stool antigen test in the pre- and post-eradication. Korean J Gastroenterol 2004;44:199–205.
84. Lee JY, Kim NY, Song CH, et al. Usefulness of PyloriTek test for Helicobacter Pylori detection after eradication therapy. Korean J Gastroenterol 2000;35:170–177.
85. Lam SK, Talley NJ. Report of the 1997 Asia Pacific Consensus Conference on the management of Helicobacter Pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;13:1–12.
86. Katelaris PH, Forbes GM, Talley NJ, Crotty B. A randomized comparison of quadruple and triple therapies for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: The QUADRATE Study. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1763–1769.
87. Kim BG, Lee DH, Ye BD, et al. Comparison of 7-day and 14-day proton pump inhibitor-containing triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: neither treatment duration provides acceptable eradication rate in Korea. Helicobacter 2007;12:31–35.
88. Fuccio L, Minardi ME, Zagari RM, Grilli D, Magrini N, Bazzoli F. Meta-analysis: duration of first-line proton-pump inhibitor based triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori eradication. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:553–562.
89. Paoluzi P, Iacopini F, Crispino P, et al. 2-week triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori infection is better than 1-week in clinical practice: a large prospective single-center randomized study. Helicobacter 2006;11:562–568.
90. Lee JW, Kim N, Kim JM, et al. Prevalence of primary and secondary antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter Pylori in Korea from 2003 through 2012. Helicobacter 2013;18:206–214.
91. Chung JW, Lee JH, Jung HY, et al. Second-line Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a randomized comparison of 1-week or 2-week bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. Helicobacter 2011;16:289–294.
92. Lee BH, Kim N, Hwang TJ, et al. Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as second-line treatment for Helicobacter Pylori infection: effect of treatment duration and antibiotic resistance on the eradication rate in Korea. Helicobacter 2010;15:38–45.
93. Gisbert JP, Calvet X, O'Connor A, Mégraud F, O'Morain CA. Sequential therapy for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a critical review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:313–325.
94. De Francesco V, Margiotta M, Zullo A, et al. Clarithromycin-resistant genotypes and eradication of Helicobacter Pylori. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:94–100.
95. Kim SY, Lee SW, Hyun JJ, et al. Comparative study of Helicobacter Pylori eradication rates with 5-day quadruple “concomitant” therapy and 7-day standard triple therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013;47:21–24.
96. Lim JH, Lee DH, Choi C, et al. Clinical outcomes of two-week sequential and concomitant therapies for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: a randomized pilot study. Helicobacter 2013;18:180–186.
97. Lee SY. New guidelines for Helicobacter Pylori treatment: comparisons between Korea and Japan. Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;63:151–157.